【大学生职业生涯规划的文献】大学生职业生涯规划翻译文献（中英对照）

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　　1 职业生涯规划

　　当你准备考虑怎样计划自己的职业时，很多人都不是很肯定职业计划的意思。对我们来说，我们认为确定职业计划是你在一个选择的领域内或职业中，有想出一个好的计划来帮你达到你的目标。

　　为什么决定要一个职业目标?一个职业目标将会帮助你决定的想要集中为谋生做的工作。它指导你，激励你并且帮助你完成你想要达到的目标。一个职业目标设定后，能帮助你集中认真的处理你的工作，并且为你以后想要过的生活做的事情做出决定。一个职业目标可能是一位具体的像工作那样的一位办事员或者老师，再者一个职业目标可能是你想要工作的一个特别的领域，例如运输或者教育。

　　事业目标也许帮助你发现你的天分、技能和能力。你从来不会想过你会拥有一些特殊的技能。许多工作可能性存在于你选择的任一事业。有事业目标可能引导你，宁可做你想要做的工作。好好地过你的生活，而不是无目的地从一个工作到另一个工作的漂移。一旦你选择了一种事业，它将会是对你有益处的战略计划，认真地考虑以后的职业生涯，以找到你需要采取的行动，来实现你的目标和步骤。未来是变化莫测的，但是，你应该做事业目标和仍然计划必要的步骤，以更好的实现你的目标。

　　2 期望与失望

　　每个目标都是一个被期望的或渴望想要得到的结果，我们称这为期望。我们的期望帮助保留我们的动力。当我们体会了我们的目标真正的含义，我们经常感觉喜悦和满意。我们大家有期望和失望。在考虑我们的目标设计的过程中，我们必须随时准备着有失望。事业规划简单地说是目标计划以设置目标的意图为工作和用某些方式来进行我们的工作的领域。你更多懂得它怎么运作，使你可能更好的达到预期的目标，由运用过程将给你带来一些方便。事业规划简单地应该是目标计划后，为工作和事业设置目标的意图。为了保持竞争力，你需要以可能灵活。敏捷的运用你的技能，并且不断的增加你自身的技能，以增强竞争力。你能做的一些事是：去学校和老师沟通，采取专题学术讨论会或研讨会，跟上行业杂志趋势和博学多才的学者谈话，了解社会的最新动向。今天，它是根据我们的关心程度和时间安排为我们采取某种训练以熟悉全部的形式。当我谈到训练或技巧，我不是仅谈论到像组织和时间安排，虽然这些很重要。但是，压力处理，解决问题，风险采取，和克服耽搁，命名一些对达到你的目标有帮助的同等重要的事情。

　　3 事业规划的重要性

　　我们假设你选择的工作领域。事业规划不是对那个领域进行基础的一次性的规划，而是一个持续的过程;实际上，你能称它终身过程，在人的一生中不断的在进行着。我们是在不断的事业规划中成长与学习。并且如同我们，我们的兴趣和需要总是不断的在改变，事业规划不是仅仅制造好的方案来使你的工作或事业更完美，而是帮助你做许多目标设计来调整你的工作走向，使你能更好的理解你的世界和工作的运作。

　　事业规划是预计，预言和计算所有有可能帮助你的目标的步骤，在这个过程中，你会一直做出不同的选择。当你选择一个而放弃另一个时，这叫机会成本。机会成本是当你做出选择而放弃另一件事情时，你将会错过这件事带给你的好处。在事业规划中，我们需要记住的是我们的机会成本和总考虑到将来我们的生活中可能发生的事情，那些事业成功的人知道自己的工作将会怎么发展。如同你比起看工作职位及艰苦的工作环境，更喜欢了解事业规划的流程。

　　事业规划是一个过程，是一个持续不断运行的周期运动。当你渴望你的事业有所变化，那么这个过程可能会重覆许多次。在计划你的事业时，设法找到能是为你辅导和协助你走正确路的人。事业规划和所有的目标调协和计划都是一样的。区别是，你会将你的事业和工作目标从你可以得到的所有目标中分开来设计。

　　多数人不愿将他们的愿望和梦想联系实际，是因为他们不去实现他们的愿望和梦想以及不做一定的目标计划，目标是一个最终达到的梦想。

　　人们不为他们自己设计职业目标有很多原因。最大的原因是他们不了解什么是目标设置，目标设置的过程是技巧。我们大家在自己的生活中做一些目标来实现这些目标。但多数这些不是大的目标或改变生活的目标，像进入商业。改变的事业，或者变得富裕，写小说，或者去做一个高级检查员主管等，或者在你工作的领域里成为一个专家，避免这些事业规划中出现的错误。当你还是一个孩子，你向往的是做一个医生，宇航员或公主。而是当你逐渐变老，“等你长大了想做什么”的问题仍然会继续围绕着你，“我今年20岁”你可能想说“我怎么样才能知道我想要成为什么人?”

　　是否要等你真正进入大学或当你准备毕业时，才开始事业目标规划呢，其实现在正是时候开始考虑你的事业规划。当一些书籍无法告诉你怎么选择你的职业方向时，donald asher在他的书里讲述了一些怎么样避免共同的事业规划差错，以及怎么得到一个喜欢的工作。

　　(1) .不要混淆什么是你喜欢做的工作与什么是你善长做的工作。如果你柔滑的声音，你不需要在婚礼上才唱你的生命之歌，或者如果你在用香料方面有一种离奇的功能，你也不一定要成为厨师。首先开始你的事业兴趣搜集，先拿出两张纸，分别在每张纸上写下你喜欢做的工作和善长做的工作。选择其中一个最合适的工作。虽然它也许要求更多深入的探索，纸上写的什么是你最喜欢最重要的。为什么?由于如果你喜欢做某件事，你将为它做更多的事，而不仅仅为一张规划而支付薪金的支票。你将经常做这个工作，并且会在训练中投资，当做这件事情遇到困难时，你也会不顾一切的想去克服它，想去完成它。你将会一直做这个工作，到你善长这个工作。而且还远远不止这些。

　　(2) .不要混淆副业与正业。如果你刚刚做了两张纸，并且会发现你喜爱跑。法律，读书和篮子编织。现在你又开始苦恼。困惑怎么结合所有这些方面来完成一项工作。你不需要担心，相信你的工作发源满足你是事业错误的一个共源极。说实在的，这并不意味你无法爱你的工作，你能有活动和爱好(副业)，全部堆在它顶部。例如，你也许爱跳舞但你知道你无法将跳舞作为你今后谋生的事业。跳舞将作为你一个巨大的事业。你能继续以跳舞为乐趣，但却从你每天的工作中分开了。

　　(3) .不要混淆工作中的部分与整体。什么事是你喜欢作，但不一定必须做，他们经常喜欢做什么，相信他们必须成为它而不是做它的人们在辨认此事。一个共同的例子是某人喜欢写。而不是寻找机会做文字，他认为他必须成为作家。他只追求文字为事业你小说家，新闻工作者或翻译工作者，能代替的是，他可以变成的是部长，公共关系助理，编辑或政府游说者。

　　4 大学生职业生涯规划

　　不管你是刚刚迈进大学校门的新生，抑或是正在奔忙于各种招聘会的毕业生，对自己本身的正确定位，规划自己的职业方向，确定自己的目标，并进而做出相应的努力，都是势在必行的.正是源于此，“大学生职业生涯规划”这个理念是具有积极意义的。

　　一年级为试探期:要初步了解职业，提高人际沟通能力。大一学习任务不重，应多参加学校活动，增加交流技巧，但不要盲目地参加。

　　二年级为定向期:应考虑未来是否深造或就业，通过参加学生会或社团等组织，锻炼自己的能力，同时检验自己的知识技能;提高自己的责任感，主动性和受挫能力，并开始有选择地辅修其他专业的知识来填充自己。

　　三年级为冲刺期:临近毕业，目标应锁定在提高求职技能，收集公司信息，并确定自己是否要考研。要积极锻炼自己得到独立解决问题的能力和创造性;积极常识并加入校友网络，了解往年的求职情况;希望出国留学的学生，可多接触留学顾问，参与留学系列活动。

　　四年级为分化期:目标应锁定在工作申请及成功就业上。这时可先对前三年的准备做一个总结:首先检验自己已确立的职业目标是否明确，前三年的准备是否充分;然后开始毕业后工作的申请，积极参加招聘活动，在实践中检验自己的积累和准备;最后，预习或模拟面试。积极利用学校提供的条件，强化求职技巧，进行模拟面试等训练，尽可能地做出充分准备。

　　大学生进行职业生涯规划时，要自我进行发展定位，根据自己的能力，设计适合自己的目标，在长短不同时期要有个不同的计划，否则只是空想，不现实的。在设计过程中要以自己为主，不要自以为是，同时要参阅专家的意见，让设计切合实际，可操作性强，最好借助正规的专业机构。

　　总之，科学合理的职业生涯规划是每一个大学生就业的必要工作，也是每一个大学生职业生涯发展过程中的必然要求。我们每一个人都应该知道自己适合做什么，应该做什么，以及怎样实现自己的目标。

　　career planning

　　authors： tom attwater

　　sources :the futurist november –decemberXX,www.wfs.org

　　1 career planning

　　what comes to your mind when you think about career planning? many people aren’t sure what career planning means. for our purposes we will define career planning as “a goal that you desire to achieve in a selected field or occupation with a well thought out plan to get you there.”

　　why decide on a career goal? a career goal helps you focus and make decisions on what you want to do for a living. it directs you, motivates you and helps you to accomplish what you want. a career goal helps you focus and make decisions on what you want to do for a living. a career goal can be a specific job—such as a clerk or teacher—or a career goal can be a particular field you want to work in, such as transportation or education.

　　a career goal may help you discover your talent, skills and abilities and possibilities that you wouldn't have thought of. many possibilities exist with any career you choose. having a career goal can guide you to doing what you want to do in your life—rather than just aimlessly drifting from job to job. once you choose a career, it would be to your advantage to think strategically about the steps you need to take to accomplish your goal. the future is unpredictable; however, you should still make career goals and plan the necessary steps to your goal.

　　2 expectation and disappointments

　　with every goal there is an anticipated desired outcome. we call this an expectation. our expectations help keep us

　　motivated. when we realize our goal, we often feel joy and satisfaction. all of us have expectations and disappointments. in the process in thinking about our goals, we have to be prepared to have disappointments.

　　career planning is simply goal planning with the intention of setting goals for jobs and career.the world we live in works in certain ways. the more one knows how it works, the better one can achieve those goals by utilizing the processes that give you the advantage. career planning is simply goal planning with the intention of setting goals for jobs and career.

　　in order to remain competitive you need to be as flexible as you can and continually increase your skills. some things you can do are: go to school, take workshops or seminars, keep up with trade journals and talk to people who are knowledgeable in the field. today, it’s almost mandatory for us to take some form of training all through our care keep up with the times.

　　when i talk about training or skill, i’m not just talking about things like organization and time management, although these are important. however, stress management, problem solving, risk taking, and overcoming procrastination, to name a few, are equally, if not more important, to getting to your goal.

　　3 career planning is important

　　let’s suppose you choose a field. career planning is not planning for that field on a one-time only basis, but it’s a continuing process; in fact, you can call it a lifetime process. we are always learning and growing, and as we do, our

　　interests and needs also change. career planning is not just making plans to obtain your “perfect” job or career, but to help you make the many adjustments there will be along the way as you learn about you and your world or work.

　　career planning is estimating, predicting and calculating all the steps necessary to achieving your goals. in the process, you are always making choices. when you choose one alternative over another, this is called an opportunity cost. an opportunity cost is the cost of passing up your next best choice when making a decision. in career planning, we need to always be mindful of our opportunity costs and take into consideration all that will come our way. those who have successful careers understand how the game of work is played. as you can see career planning is more than just looking at jobs and positions and working hard.

　　career planning is a process and is always ongoing and often runs in cycles. when you desire change in your career, the process can be repeated many times. in planning your career, try to find the people who can be mentors for you and assist you along the way. career planning is no different than any goal setting and planning. the difference is that you are specifically separating your career and job goals from all other goals you may have.

　　the reason most people do not turn their wishes and dreams into reality is because they don’t take these wishes and dreams and make them goals. a goal is a dream with a deadline.

　　there are many reasons why people don’t make goals for themselves. the biggest reason is they don’t understand that the process of goal setting is a skill. all of us have made some goals in our life and achieved them. but most of these were not large or life changing goals like going into business, changing careers, becoming wealthy, writing a novel, going from office clerk to a top executive or becoming an expert in your field.

　　avoid these career planning errors.as a kid, you aspired to be a doctor, astronaut or princess. but as you get older, the innocent "what do you want to be when you grow up?" really starts to hit home. "i'm 20 years old," you may want to say. "how am i supposed to know?"

　　whether you're just entering college or preparing for graduation, now's the time to start thinking about your career. while no single article can tell you how to choose your occupational destiny, donald asher outlines some common career planning mistakes to avoid in his book how to get any job with any major (ten speed press).

　　(1). confusing what you're good at with what you like to do.

　　you don't have to spend your life singing at weddings just because you have a silky voice. nor do you have to become a chef because you have an uncanny gift with spices. to jump-start your career search, jot down two lists: one listing what you're good at, and one of things you love to do.

　　though it might require more soul searching, the list of what you enjoy is the most important. why? because if you enjoy doing something, you'll do it for more than just a regular paycheck. you'll do it more often, you'll invest in training, you'll do it when it's difficult - you'll do it until you're good at it, and then some!

　　(2). confusing avocations with vocations.

　　so you've made your lists and discovered you love running, law, reading and basket weaving. now you've scratching your head, puzzling over how to combine all of these aspects into one job. don't worry - you don't have to.

　　believing your job has to satisfy the whole you is a common source of career error. mind you, this does not mean you can't love your job - you can just have a whole heap of activities and hobbies (avocations) on top of it.

　　for example, you may love to dance but you know you can't earn enough dancing as a career. dance, then, is a great avocation for you. you can continue to dance for fun, but separately from your day job.

　　(3). confusing one aspect of a job with the whole job.

　　what you like to do doesn't have to the primary thing you do. often people over-identify with the thing they like to do - believing they must become it instead of doing it.

　　a common example is someone who likes to write. instead of looking for opportunities to do writing, he thinks he has to become a writer. he only pursues writing-only careers like novelist, journalist or copyrighter, when instead, he could have looked into being a minister, public relations assistant, editor or government lobbyist.

　　4 university student career

　　no matter you were just make great strides forward the university school gate new student, or was is rushing about yu gezhong to advertise for the meeting the graduate, to the oneself itself correct localization, planned own professional direction, determined own goal, and then made the corresponding endeavor, all was imperative is precisely the source to this, "the university student professional profession plan" this idea is has the positive sense .

　　freshman class for probe time: wanted to be preliminary has dismissed from office the enhancement interpersonal communication ability. the big study duty is not heavy, should participate in the school activity, the increase exchange technique .but do not have blindly to participate .

　　the second year for the direction detection .should consider whether the future will pursue advanced studies or the employment, through group and so on participation student association or mass organization green will exercise own can the potential simultaneously examine own knowledge technique.to enhance own sense of responsibility, the initiative and suffers setbacks the ability, and will start auxiliary to have the choice to repair other specialized knowledge to fill oneself .

　　three grades approach the graduation for the sprint, the goal should lock in the enhancement seek employment the technique □collection company information, and determined whether oneself has to take exams for postgraduate schools. had positively to exercise oneself obtains independently solves the question ability and the creation impositive general knowledge and joins the alumnus net green understanding old times to seek employment the situation; the hope goes abroad to study study □may contact studies abroad consultant, the participation studies abroad the series activity .

　　four grades should lock for the split up □goal in the work apply and succeed in the employment by now might first prepare to previous three years to make a summary: whether first examines oneself already professional goal ming?qian which establishes three years preparation is whether full; after then starts shanghai which the graduation works to shift positively participates in the employment advertise activity, examines own accumulation and □□preparing a lesson or the simulation in the practice interviews. positively uses the condition which the school provides, the strengthening seeks employment the technique □to carry on the simulation to interview and so on to teach green makes the full preparation as far as possible.

　　when the university student carries on the professional profession plan, must oneself carry on the development localization, according to own ability, the design suits own goal, must have a different plan in the length different time, otherwise only is fantasizes, not realistic. in the design process must by oneself primarily, not have to think oneself infallible, simultaneously must refer expert opinion's, lets design realistically, but operational is strong, best draws support from the regular specialized organization .

　　in brief, the science reasonable professional profession plan is the essential work which each university student gets employed, also is in each university student professional profession developing process inevitably request. our each people all should know oneself suitablly makes any, as well as how achieves own goal .

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